Kazakhstan is well-positioned to become a global player in the green H2 industry. According to Carbon Tracker (2023), “the upcoming 10-15 years will be crucial for laying the foundation of the new economy [in Kazakhstan]. Failure to do so will result in economic stranding as legacy revenue streams and old economy jobs dry up without the offset from the new (clean) revenue streams and labor opportunities” (p. 2). In other words, the direction of change is inevitable, but the speed to act is up to Kazakhstan. However, to unshackle its vast green H2 potential, the country must consider the challenges and opportunities of the green H2-water-food nexus in its sustainable energy transition.  

This research paper examines such challenges through the lens of the selected international environmental law and policy’s key principles and agreements relevant to Kazakhstan. Then, it applies the author’s proprietary qualitative concepts to propose innovative policies for future sustainable green H2 hub development. At the same time, these policies are intended to lead to favorable economic outcomes, essential in the context of sustainable energy transition in Kazakhstan. Lastly, considering green H2-water-food nexus challenges and opportunities in its green H2 development might not only reinforce Kazakhstan’s position as an energy transition pioneer but also enhance its leadership status in transboundary environmental cooperation with the neighboring states to avoid geopolitical tensions in Central Asia.